DOREA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani

Pengampunan sebagai proses Transformasi Karakter

Hendi, Andronikus Suprapto — Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study explores Augustine of Hippo’s view of forgiveness as a profound process of character transformation and its implications for pastoral counseling. Through a qualitative approach and hermeneutical analysis of the “Confessiones”, this research identifies key stages in the process of forgiveness according to Augustine: deep remorse, sincere confession of sin, the acceptance of God’s grace, and the renewal of life. The presented case study demonstrates the practical application of these principles in the context of pastoral counseling, particularly in supporting a child experiencing trauma due to parental divorce. The findings reveal that forgiveness not only restores the relationship between the individual and God but also fosters emotional and spiritual healing, as well as promotes ongoing character transformation. This study makes a significant contribution to theological literature and pastoral counseling practice by offering a holistic framework to support clients in their journey toward reconciliation and personal renewal. The results also affirm that forgiveness is a deep and continuous process that can bring inner peace and life renewal, providing a strong theological foundation for pastoral counselors in guiding clients toward genuine reconciliation—both with themselves and with God—while also encouraging the practice of forgiveness within the faith community.

Teologi Kontekstual dalam Era Polarisasi Politik dan Krisis Demokrasi

Stevanus Parinussa, Yusuf Slamet Handoko — Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The phenomena of political polarization, social fragmentation, and contemporary democratic crises place theology at a critical intersection between faith reflection and tangible social responsibility. This article examines how contextual theology can serve as a prophetic response to socio-political tensions, highlighting its transformative potential in fostering narratives of reconciliation, justice, and public solidarity. Through a comprehensive literature review and interdisciplinary conceptual analysis, the study argues that a praxis-oriented, participatory, and socially responsive interpretation of contextual theology plays a strategic role in addressing social and spiritual disintegration. The research contributes to public theology discourse by proposing a contextual model integrating theological reflection, civic ethics, social justice advocacy, and inclusive spirituality, providing practical guidance for pastoral practice and social policy formulation.

Imago Dei di Era Artificial Intelligence

Suryaman Lugu, Ivan Bahtera — Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to comprehensively analyze the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology on human life from a Christian theological and ethical perspective. Employing a qualitative approach with a literature review, this research examines key concepts in Christian theology (such as the Trinity, Imago Dei, stewardship, love, and justice) alongside various aspects of AI (definition, capabilities, limitations, and its impact on work, social life, human dignity, and governance). It was found that AI offers significant potential for efficiency and advancement, it also presents substantial ethical and theological challenges related to dehumanization, bias, privacy, dependency, and the potential reduction of human essence. Christian theology offers a robust ethical framework for navigating the AI era, affirming the irreplaceable human dignity as Imago Dei, emphasizing human accountability for technology, and advocating for the responsible use of AI for God's glory and the common good.

Pendidikan Karakter Kristen di Era Digital

Nandia Bimantoro Elifas, Ivan Bahtera — Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The phenomenon of gadget addiction among Generation Alpha indicates a character crisis that extends beyond psychological issues to encompass spiritual and moral dimensions. Existing interventions, largely rooted in a behavioristic paradigm, focus on behavioral modification but tend to be reductionistic, neglecting the inner, spiritual nature of humanity. This article proposes a theological-holistic approach as a robust alternative, arguing that genuine character transformation stems from a renewal of the heart and a reordering of desires according to the teachings of Jesus Christ. Through a qualitative literature study with a theological-critical analysis, this research highlights the limitations of behaviorism and introduces an integrative model for Christian character formation. The proposed model is centered on the synergy of three primary pillars—family, school, and church—as an integrated ecosystem to support the spiritual growth of Generation Alpha. This theological-holistic approach emphasizes inner transformation through love, self-control, and a Christ-centered relationship, aiming not merely to regulate behavior but to realign the heart's orientation and restore the meaning of life in the digital age.

Experiential Learning

Onesiporus Pengharapan Lase — Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the relevance and integration of the Experiential Learning (EL) method to shape concrete faith in Christian Religious Education (PAK). Using a systematic literature review method, this study examines the concept of EL, its theological implications, and the challenges of its implementation. The results indicate that the EL cycle, concrete experience, reflection, conceptualization, and active experimentation, has significant potential to transform faith from mere cognitive understanding to lived practice. However, its implementation faces serious challenges such as the risk of subjectivism, cycle fragmentation, and limited teacher capacity. As a contribution, this article offers a pedagogical framework for the holistic integration of EL in the PAK curriculum, to ensure faith is not only understood but also lived authentically.

Konsep peperangan rohani melawan iblis menurut Katekismus Heidelberg dan relevansinya terhadap pelayanan misi bagi Suku Terabaikan di Indonesia

Magdalena Hananing Triyanti — Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The Heidelberg Catechism is one of the most influential theological legacies in the Reformed tradition, reflecting the richness and depth of Christian teaching, including the spiritual warfare dimension against the devil. This teaching is explicitly articulated in Questions and Answers (Q&A) 1, 9, 32, 123, and 127, which reveal the centrality of Christ and guide believers' responses to the realities of spiritual warfare. This article aims to critically analyze the concept of spiritual warfare in the Heidelberg Catechism and explore its relevance for contemporary missionary work. Specifically, this study highlights its application to missionary work among the Unreached Peoples of Indonesia, which is rife with the nuances of spiritual warfare. Through a critical-analytical approach, this study confirms that the Heidelberg Catechism not only provides a solid doctrinal framework on spiritual warfare but also equips missionaries with a profound spiritual perspective to face the struggle against demonic power in the mission field.

Transhumanisme dan Teologi Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Yayan Indrawan — Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to critically examine the concept of human nature in the discourse of transhumanism by comparing it with Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s theological anthropology, while also testing the relevance of Bonhoeffer’s thought in responding to the claim of morphological freedom. This study employs a qualitative literature review with a comparative approach, analyzing fundamental texts from transhumanist thinkers (such as Bostrom, More, and Harari) alongside Bonhoeffer’s major theological works. The findings show that transhumanism views human nature as an unfinished project that can be engineered through technology, whereas Bonhoeffer emphasizes that human nature is inherently bound to the body, rooted in the imago Dei, and finds its fulfillment in Christ. The article concludes that the aspiration for morphological freedom promoted by transhumanism is utopian because it fails to account for the reality of human limitation and sin, while Bonhoeffer’s perspective offers a more realistic and holistic theological framework for evaluating the use of technology in light of creation, incarnation, and redemption, thereby making a significant contribution to contemporary theological discourse in facing the challenges of biotechnology.

Kasih sebagai Ikatan Kesempurnaan dalam Aksi

Ardians Batawi, Hendi — Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article explores St. John Chrysostom's interpretation of Colossians 3:14-17, focusing on the concept of love as a "bond of perfection." It argues that Chrysostom implicitly yet powerfully presents a comprehensive model of love, involving an inner disposition ("Heart"), a theological understanding ("Head"), and concrete actions ("Hands"), that goes beyond mere moral virtue and dynamically produces holiness, unity in the body of Christ, and the perfection of the new human being. The study employs a qualitative approach, analyzing the primary text of Chrysostom's Homilies 8 and 9 on Colossians in dialogue with modern scholarship on Colossians 3 and Christian ethics. The findings demonstrate that Chrysostom understands love as an essential cohesive principle that integrates the other virtues and that the manifestation of love in these "3Hs" constitutes a transformative dynamic that leads humanity toward its eschatological destiny. This article contributes to Patristic studies and Christian ethics by highlighting the richness of Chrysostom's model of love, offering theological resources for understanding love not simply as an ethical imperative, but as an ontological force that sanctifies, unites, and perfects.

Integrasi Memayu Hayuning Bawana dan Spiritualitas Trinitas Kosmis

Timotius Adrian, Andreas Kristianto — Sat, 13 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The current ecological crisis represents not only an environmental and scientific concern but also a profound theological and spiritual challenge. This study investigates Cosmic Trinitarian Spirituality as a theological foundation for developing a contextual eco-theology among contemporary Christian youth, employing the Javanese philosophy Memayu Hayuning Bawana (“to preserve and beautify the world”) as a cultural bridge. Using a qualitative literature-based approach, this research explores the relationship between Trinitarian doctrine, ecological responsibility, and Christian educational praxis. The findings indicate that understanding the perichoretic nature of the Triune God cultivates an awareness that all creation participates in the divine life; thus, caring for the earth becomes an expression of faith rather than merely an ethical obligation. Integrating Memayu Hayuning Bawana into Christian Religious Education (PAK) offers a contextual pedagogical model that unites theological reflection with local wisdom, fostering an ecological spirituality that is critical, reflective, and transformative for the integrity of creation.

Oscar Cullmann dan Konsep Heilsgeschichte

Alexander Situmorang, Elis Louisa Ay — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Oscar Cullmann is recognized as one of the most influential New Testament theologians of the twentieth century, whose central contribution lies in his emphasis on understanding God’s work within the framework of salvation history (Heilsgeschichte). His thought emerged in dialogue and tension with Rudolf Bultmann’s program of demythologization and existential interpretation of Scripture, which often reduced Christian faith to subjective symbols detached from historical reality. This article focuses on the research question: how does Oscar Cullmann define the concept of Heilsgeschichte and in what sense does he place Christ at the center of history? Using a literature review method, this study examines Cullmann’s major works, particularly Christ and Time (1946) and Salvation in History (1965), as well as secondary sources from contemporary theological discourse. The findings show that Cullmann situates Christ as the pivotal point of cosmic history, where the incarnation, cross, and resurrection form the decisive events of salvation history. Employing the well-known D-Day and V-Day analogy, Cullmann explains that God’s victory has already been inaugurated in the resurrection of Christ, yet its consummation awaits the eschatological fulfillment. This interpretation provides a balanced framework for understanding the “already” and “not yet” dimensions of biblical eschatology. The novelty of this study lies in reasserting Cullmann’s contribution within the context of the contemporary church, demonstrating how the concept of Heilsgeschichte offers a theological foundation for a historically grounded faith, strengthens eschatological hope, and directs the church’s mission to participate in God’s ongoing work in the world.