Transhumanisme dan Teologi Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Dialektika Kebebasan Morfologis dan Natur Manusia

Abstract

This article aims to critically examine the concept of human nature in the discourse of transhumanism by comparing it with Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s theological anthropology, while also testing the relevance of Bonhoeffer’s thought in responding to the claim of morphological freedom. This study employs a qualitative literature review with a comparative approach, analyzing fundamental texts from transhumanist thinkers (such as Bostrom, More, and Harari) alongside Bonhoeffer’s major theological works. The findings show that transhumanism views human nature as an unfinished project that can be engineered through technology, whereas Bonhoeffer emphasizes that human nature is inherently bound to the body, rooted in the imago Dei, and finds its fulfillment in Christ. The article concludes that the aspiration for morphological freedom promoted by transhumanism is utopian because it fails to account for the reality of human limitation and sin, while Bonhoeffer’s perspective offers a more realistic and holistic theological framework for evaluating the use of technology in light of creation, incarnation, and redemption, thereby making a significant contribution to contemporary theological discourse in facing the challenges of biotechnology.