Oscar Cullmann dan Konsep Heilsgeschichte

Menempatkan Kristus di Pusat Sejarah

Abstract

Oscar Cullmann is recognized as one of the most influential New Testament theologians of the twentieth century, whose central contribution lies in his emphasis on understanding God’s work within the framework of salvation history (Heilsgeschichte). His thought emerged in dialogue and tension with Rudolf Bultmann’s program of demythologization and existential interpretation of Scripture, which often reduced Christian faith to subjective symbols detached from historical reality. This article focuses on the research question: how does Oscar Cullmann define the concept of Heilsgeschichte and in what sense does he place Christ at the center of history? Using a literature review method, this study examines Cullmann’s major works, particularly Christ and Time (1946) and Salvation in History (1965), as well as secondary sources from contemporary theological discourse. The findings show that Cullmann situates Christ as the pivotal point of cosmic history, where the incarnation, cross, and resurrection form the decisive events of salvation history. Employing the well-known D-Day and V-Day analogy, Cullmann explains that God’s victory has already been inaugurated in the resurrection of Christ, yet its consummation awaits the eschatological fulfillment. This interpretation provides a balanced framework for understanding the “already” and “not yet” dimensions of biblical eschatology. The novelty of this study lies in reasserting Cullmann’s contribution within the context of the contemporary church, demonstrating how the concept of Heilsgeschichte offers a theological foundation for a historically grounded faith, strengthens eschatological hope, and directs the church’s mission to participate in God’s ongoing work in the world.